For example, the shallow-water wave theory ( Shimizu and Hayama, 1987 Lepelletier and Raichlen, 1988 Sun et al., 1992 Kaneko and Ishikawa, 1999 Tait et al., 2005) and potential flow theory ( Frandsen, 2005 Love and Tait, 2010, 2013 Love and Tait, 2010 Love and Tait, 2013 Faltinsen et al., 2011) have been successfully used to model a TLD.
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Nonlinear fluid models can also be employed to capture the nonlinear behavior arising from the free surface boundary conditions. Linear fluid models can be used however, they are often limited to small liquid sloshing response amplitudes. Numerous fluid models have been developed to simulate the response of a TLD. Antony Wood, in Damping Technologies for Tall Buildings, 2019 4.1.2.2.1 Analytical and numerical fluid models The performance of the sloshing damper is verified from 1:10 scale dynamic tests of the building/sloshing damper coupled system.Īlberto Lago. To generate optimal damping force of the damper and dissipate the vibration energy more efficiently under the building vibration amplitude, two 55% porous internal baffles were installed at approximately 0.4 L and 0.6 L locations along the length of the tank, where L indicates tank length. The sloshing frequency in each direction was tuned to its optimal target frequency, which is similar to the natural frequency of the building. The damper was designed with an effective water mass ratio (equal to the ratio between effective water mass and the building modal mass) of approximately 2.0%. The damper was required to provide at least 2.0% additional damping to the structure. Antony Wood, in Damping Technologies for Tall Buildings, 2019 8.2.13.4.2 Damping typeĪ 1D TLSD with two identical tanks was designed for the building’s roof to mitigate excessive building vibration in the NS direction to an acceptable level. The flexible baffle might be more effective than rigid baffles for damping slosh in moving containers.Īlberto Lago. Another important requirement is to suppress the sloshing effects throughout certain designated frequency ranges in which the liquid oscillations might reinforce the fundamental vibration mode of the vehicle. In considering the design of baffles, the total fluid sloshing force should not exceed a certain prescribed maximum value under all possible combinations of liquid level, tank orientation, and external tank excitation. The first is due to the relative motion between the liquid and the tank wall, while the second is due to the relative motion between the liquid and baffles. The total damping of the fundamental antisymmetric mode is due to two main sources. However, semiempirical relationships for the damping contributed by a flat annular ring baffle have been developed in the literature. The effectiveness of damping devices should not be characterized by the amplitude decrement only. Ring and cruciform baffles, floating lids and mats, and flexible baffles are very effective in liquid wave control. The inherent liquid viscosity in tanks without baffles will have a very limited effect in reducing the sloshing amplitude. In order to minimize the sloshing hydrodynamic forces acting on the tank, it is desirable to suppress the liquid-sloshing amplitude. For other tank shapes it is recommended to use C 1≈1 and n 1≈0.5.